UK Lawmaker Estimates Putin Tax at $3.3 Billion

Labour MP Graeme Downie published a report titled The Putin Tax estimating Russian cyberattacks cost the UK between £2 billion and £2.5 billion annually. The authors argue the government fails to measure these costs, citing a 2025 Jaguar Land Rover attack costing $2.5 billion and ransomware hits on NHS supplier Advanced and Royal Mail.